# What are backlinks in SEO? How Google reads links, anchor text and nofollow

> A backlink is a link from another site to yours. How Google uses backlinks, what anchor text tells it, and how it treats nofollow, sponsored and ugc links.

- URL: https://computese.com/what-are-backlinks-for-seo/
- Author: Duong Quan Nguyen, CEO, Computese
- Published: 2024-11-28
- Updated: 2026-09-25
- Topics: SEO

## In short
- A backlink is a link on a page of another site that points to a page on yours. Links between your own pages are internal links, and links from your site to other sites are outbound links.
- Google uses backlinks to discover pages and, through link analysis systems such as PageRank, as one ranking signal among many. It reads a link's anchor text and the words around it to learn what the target page is about.
- rel="sponsored" marks paid links, rel="ugc" marks links posted by users and rel="nofollow" marks links you do not vouch for. Google has treated all three as hints since September 10, 2019, and nofollow as a crawling hint since March 1, 2020.
- There is no dofollow attribute: a link without a qualifying rel value is already a normal link. Paid links must carry sponsored or nofollow; for other links the attributes are optional.
- Search Console's Links report shows a sample of the sites and pages that link to you and the text they use, but not every link, and not whether a link is nofollow.

A backlink is a link on a page of another website that points to a page on your site; you will also see it called an inbound or incoming link. Google uses backlinks to discover pages and as one of many ranking signals, and it reads each link's anchor text and any `rel` value, such as nofollow, along the way.

This guide explains what counts as a backlink and what does not, how Google uses links, what anchor text tells it, and the three link attributes (`nofollow`, `sponsored` and `ugc`) with the way Google has treated them since 2019. It also settles the nofollow versus dofollow question and shows how to see your own backlinks in Search Console. What separates a valuable link from link spam is a subject of its own, covered in [quality backlinks in SEO](https://computese.com/the-power-of-quality-backlinks-in-seo/), and how to earn links within Google's rules is in [how to do link building for SEO](https://computese.com/how-to-do-link-building-for-seo/).

## What a backlink is

Google's own definition is on the help page for Search Console's [Links report](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/9049606): a backlink is a link on a page of another site that points to a page on your site, so it links back to you. The word is older than most SEO vocabulary. The PageRank [patent](https://patents.google.com/patent/US6285999) that Stanford filed in January 1998 already calls the pages that link to a document its backlinks, and the links a page makes to other pages its forward links.

In HTML, a backlink is an ordinary anchor element on someone else's page:

```html
<p>
  The clearest walkthrough we found is
  <a href="https://www.example.com/guides/tls-renewal/"
    >this guide to renewing TLS certificates</a
  >.
</p>
```

Every backlink has the same parts:

- **The linking page**, sometimes called the referring page, and the site it belongs to, the referring domain.
- **The target URL** in the `href` attribute: the page on your site the link points to.
- **The anchor text**, the visible words between the tags.
- **An optional `rel` attribute**, which can qualify the link as paid, user-generated or not vouched for.

SEO tools count backlinks two ways: every linking page, and referring domains, the number of distinct sites that link to you. A hundred links in one site's footer are a hundred backlinks and one referring domain. Search Console's Links report counts sites by root domain, so links from `www.example.com` and `m.example.com` are both listed under `example.com`.

For Google to use a backlink at all, it has to be able to crawl it. Google's [link best practices](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/links-crawlable) say it can generally crawl a link only if it is an `<a>` element with an `href` attribute that resolves to a real URL. A `<span>` with a click handler, or an `<a>` whose destination exists only in a JavaScript `onclick`, may never be extracted. Links inserted with JavaScript are fine as long as they end up in that markup. The linking page matters too: a page whose [robots meta tag](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots-meta-tag) carries `nofollow` (or the same rule in an `X-Robots-Tag` HTTP header) asks Google not to follow any of its links.

## Backlinks, internal links and outbound links

Whether a link is a backlink depends on which end of it you stand on. The same `<a>` element is an outbound link for the site that publishes it and a backlink for the site it points to. Links between pages of one site are internal links.

![Three website windows joined by arrows: an orange arrow comes in from another site to yours, a grey arrow leaves yours for a third site, and a dashed arrow joins two pages inside yours.](https://computese.com/images/blog/what-are-backlinks-for-seo/directions.0fe321c8f0-1536.webp)

*Every backlink is someone else's outbound link: you can earn it or ask for it, but only the site that publishes it decides.*

| Link type                     | Goes from              | Goes to                   | Who controls it | What it does                                                       |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Backlink (inbound, incoming)  | A page on another site | A page on your site       | The other site  | Helps Google find and understand your page; sends visitors         |
| Internal link                 | A page on your site    | Another page on your site | You             | Navigation, discovery and context for your own pages               |
| Outbound link (external link) | A page on your site    | A page on another site    | You             | Cites sources and sends readers on; qualified if paid or untrusted |

Internal links are not backlinks, but they are the links you control completely. Google's link best practices say every page you care about should have a link from at least one other page on your site, and that descriptive anchor text on internal links helps both people and Google make sense of the site. The Links report lists them separately, under internal links. If a page matters to you and nothing on your own site links to it, fix that before chasing backlinks; [finding the pages that deserve more internal links](https://computese.com/the-untapped-key-in-seo/) is usually a quick win.

Outbound links are not a leak either. The same Google page says linking to other sites is nothing to be scared of, and that citing your sources can help establish trustworthiness. It recommends `nofollow` only when you do not trust the source, not on every external link.

## How Google uses backlinks

Backlinks do two jobs in Google Search: discovery and ranking.

**Discovery.** There is no central registry of web pages, so Google has to keep finding them. Its guide to [how Search works](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/how-search-works) calls this URL discovery: some pages are already known, some are listed in sitemaps, and others are found when Google extracts a link from a known page to a new one. Links do most of that work. The [SEO Starter Guide](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/seo-starter-guide) says Google primarily finds pages through links from pages it has already crawled, often on other websites, and that the vast majority of the new pages it finds every day are found through links. A new site can still be found through a sitemap, but a link from a page Google already knows is the ordinary way in. The crawl itself is explained in [how Google Search works](https://computese.com/how-google-search-engine-works/).

**Ranking.** Google's [guide to its ranking systems](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ranking-systems-guide) says it has various systems that look at how pages link to each other, to work out what pages are about and which might be most helpful for a query. PageRank, one of its core ranking systems when Google launched, is among them. Google says how PageRank works has evolved a lot since then and that it is still part of the core ranking systems; as of September 2026 the guide, last updated in December 2025, says the same. Google's page on [how it ranks results](https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/how-search-works/ranking-results/) names one of the factors it uses to judge quality: whether other prominent websites link or refer to the content, which it describes as generally a good sign that the information is trustworthy.

Two things follow. First, links are evidence weighed alongside everything else. The Starter Guide is direct about it: PageRank uses links and is one of Google's fundamental algorithms, but there is much more to Search than links, and PageRank is one ranking signal among many. Second, links do not count equally. The PageRank patent computes a page's rank from the ranks of the pages linking to it, each divided by the number of links on that page, so a page with one link from a very highly ranked page can outrank a page with many links from low-ranked ones. [How Google determines a website's authority](https://computese.com/how-google-determines-a-website-authority/) covers PageRank in more depth, along with the third-party authority scores built on link data.

Because links carry weight, people try to manufacture them: Google's [spam policies](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials/spam-policies) define link spam as creating links to or from a site primarily to manipulate rankings, and how Google detects and discounts it is covered in [quality backlinks in SEO](https://computese.com/the-power-of-quality-backlinks-in-seo/).

## What anchor text tells Google

Anchor text, also called link text, is the visible text of a link. Google's link best practices say it tells people and Google something about the page being linked to, and that the words before and after a link matter too, so the whole sentence around a link is part of its meaning. When the link is an image, Google uses the image's `alt` attribute as the anchor text. When an `<a>` element is empty, Google can fall back on its `title` attribute.

Google's guidance on writing anchor text, which applies whether you are linking out or someone is linking to you:

| Anchor text     | Example                                        | What Google's guidance says                                          |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Descriptive     | "the Search Console Links report"              | Recommended: descriptive, reasonably concise, relevant to both pages |
| Generic         | "click here", "read more", "website"           | Too generic: read out of context, it says nothing about the target   |
| Very long       | A whole sentence inside the link               | Too long: keep the link to the words that describe the target        |
| Keyword-stuffed | "cheap backlinks best backlinks buy backlinks" | Keyword stuffing is a violation of Google's spam policies            |
| Image link      | `<img alt="Search Console Links report">`      | Google uses the alt text as the anchor text                          |
| Empty           | `<a href="/pricing/"></a>`                     | Bad: nothing to read, and the `title` attribute is only a fallback   |

For backlinks, the linking site writes the anchor text, not you. What you do control is what people tend to copy: a clear page title, your organization's name and a page that plainly says what it is. The Links report's top linking text table shows the anchors other sites actually use, which is the quickest way to see how the web describes you. The same commercial phrase repeated across many unrelated sites is a pattern Google's spam policies list as link spam (optimized anchor text in articles, guest posts or press releases distributed on other sites).

## The rel attribute: nofollow, sponsored and ugc

The `rel` attribute on a link describes the relationship between the page and the page it links to. For search, three values matter, all set out in Google's guide to [qualifying outbound links](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/qualify-outbound-links):

| Value             | Use it for                                                                         |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| No `rel` value    | Regular links you are happy to stand behind                                        |
| `rel="sponsored"` | Advertisements and other paid placements, including affiliate links                |
| `rel="ugc"`       | Links inside user-generated content, such as comments and forum posts              |
| `rel="nofollow"`  | Other links you would rather Google not associate with your site, or crawl from it |

Four rules go with them, from the same guide, Google's spam policies and its announcements:

- **A regular link needs no attribute.** Google says so for links you expect it to fetch and parse without qualification.
- **Paid links are the one case that is not optional.** Google's spam policies accept that buying and selling links is a normal part of advertising, as long as those links carry `nofollow` or `sponsored`. `sponsored` is preferred; `nofollow` is still acceptable. Since [July 2021](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2021/07/link-tagging-and-link-spam-update), Google has also asked sites in affiliate programs to mark affiliate links `sponsored`, whether they were added by hand or by software.
- **Values can be combined**, separated by spaces or commas. `rel="ugc nofollow"` marks a user's link and stays understood by services that only know `nofollow`.
- **Links within your own site call for a different tool.** To stop Google fetching one of your own pages, the guide points to a robots.txt `disallow` rule rather than a `rel` value.

Here is how the three cases look in markup:

```html
<p>
  We moved our DNS to
  <a href="https://dns.example.net/">a managed provider</a> last year.
</p>
<p>
  This issue is sponsored by
  <a href="https://ads.example.org/offer" rel="sponsored">Example Hosting</a>.
</p>
<p>
  Comment from Sam: I wrote up
  <a href="https://sam.example.com/notes/" rel="ugc nofollow">my own notes</a>.
</p>
```

Content management systems usually handle the user-generated part, which is what the Starter Guide asks for: every link posted by users should get `nofollow` or a similar annotation added automatically by the CMS. WordPress core, for example, runs comment text through its [`wp_rel_ugc` function](https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/wp_rel_ugc/), introduced in version 5.3, which adds `rel="nofollow ugc"` to every link it finds; the hook that applies it to comments is in WordPress's [default filters](https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/blob/trunk/src/wp-includes/default-filters.php).

Of the three, only `nofollow` is part of the HTML standard: the [WHATWG HTML Living Standard](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html) defines it as a link that the page's author or publisher does not endorse, or that is there mainly because of a commercial relationship. `sponsored` and `ugc` are Google's 2019 additions and are not among the link types the standard defines. Two values often seen on links, `noopener` and `noreferrer`, are browser instructions rather than search signals: `noopener` stops a page opened in a new tab or window from getting a reference to the page that opened it, and `noreferrer` also stops the browser from sending the `Referer` header, so the site you link to cannot see where the visitor came from. Neither is among the values in Google's guide to qualifying links.

Finally, `nofollow` works at two levels. On a single link it is a `rel` value. For a whole page it is a robots rule: `<meta name="robots" content="nofollow">`, or the same rule in an `X-Robots-Tag` header, asks Google not to follow any link on the page, and `none` is shorthand for `noindex, nofollow`.

## How Google treats nofollow, sponsored and ugc

As hints, weighed with other signals. It was not always so.

Google introduced `nofollow` on [January 18, 2005](https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/01/preventing-comment-spam.html) to fight comment spam: people were posting links in blog comments to raise their own sites' rankings. From then on, links marked `rel="nofollow"` got no credit when Google ranked sites, and MSN Search and Yahoo supported the initiative. It soon became one of Google's recommended ways to flag paid links too.

On [September 10, 2019](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2019/09/evolving-nofollow-new-ways-to-identify), Google added `sponsored` and `ugc` and changed what all three mean. Instead of excluding marked links outright, Google treats `sponsored`, `ugc` and `nofollow` as hints about which links to consider or exclude, used along with other signals. Its reasoning: links carry useful information, such as how the words in a link describe the page it points to, and looking at every link helps it understand unnatural linking patterns. Google also said that in most cases the change would not alter the outcome: it would generally keep treating ugc and nofollow links as it had treated nofollow before, and not consider them for ranking.

![Four links leave a web page. Three carry small tags showing a coin, a speech bubble and a slashed circle. All pass under an orange magnifying glass; the untagged link continues solid, the tagged ones as dotted lines.](https://computese.com/images/blog/what-are-backlinks-for-seo/hints.c976c2002a-1536.webp)

*Since 2019 a rel value is a label Google reads and weighs, not a switch that hides the link from it.*

The second step came on March 1, 2020, and it is the one that still catches people out. Some sites relied on `nofollow` to keep the pages it pointed to out of Google's index. Google said that was never recommended, and since that date `nofollow` has been a hint for crawling and indexing too. As of September 2026, its guide to qualifying links says marked links will generally not be followed, but that the pages behind them can still be found another way, through a sitemap or a link from another site, and crawled.

![A dashed link tagged with a slashed circle points at an orange page, a sitemap and another website reach it with solid arrows, and the page flows on into a search index.](https://computese.com/images/blog/what-are-backlinks-for-seo/noindex.999f96e8cc-1536.webp)

*A nofollowed link does not hide a page: a sitemap or another site's link can still bring Google to it.*

> [!WARNING]
> Do not use `nofollow` to hide a page. To keep a page out of search results, let Google crawl it and add a `noindex` rule; to stop Google fetching it at all, use a robots.txt `disallow` rule.

What the hint model means in practice:

1. **For links you publish**, only paid links must be qualified. Google said there is no wrong attribute except in the case of sponsored links: marking a user's link or an ordinary link `sponsored` costs, at most, that the link may not count as credit for the other page. An ad without `sponsored` or `nofollow` is the mistake that risks a link scheme action.
2. **For links you receive**, a nofollowed or sponsored backlink usually brings no ranking credit, but it is not worthless: people click it, it can send customers, and Google can still read it.
3. **Old nofollow links can stay.** Google said existing `nofollow` markup keeps working and there is no need to change it, and suggested moving paid links to `sponsored` when convenient.

## Nofollow vs dofollow links

"Dofollow" is SEO slang for a normal link: one with no `nofollow`, `sponsored` or `ugc` value. There is no dofollow attribute. The HTML standard's list of link types has no such value, and Google's documentation says a regular link needs no `rel` attribute at all, so there is nothing to add to make a link "dofollow". Asking a site for a dofollow link simply means asking for a normal, unqualified one.

|                | Normal ("dofollow") link                            | `nofollow`, `sponsored` or `ugc` link                                |
| -------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Markup         | `<a href="https://example.com/">`                   | `<a href="https://example.com/" rel="nofollow">`                     |
| Crawling       | Google may follow it to discover the target         | Generally not followed; the target can still be found other ways     |
| Ranking        | Can count as a signal, weighed with everything else | A hint; nofollow and ugc links are generally not counted for ranking |
| Anchor text    | Read as a description of the target                 | Still seen by Google, one reason it moved to hints                   |
| Visitors       | Sends the people who click it                       | Sends the people who click it, just the same                         |
| When to use it | Links you chose and stand behind                    | Paid (`sponsored`), user-made (`ugc`), not vouched for (`nofollow`)  |

For your own site the rule of thumb follows from the table: leave editorial links alone, mark paid and affiliate links `sponsored`, let your CMS mark user links `ugc`, and keep `nofollow` for the rare link you need to publish but do not trust.

## How to see your backlinks in Search Console

Google's free view of your backlinks is the Links report in Search Console. Once your site is verified as a property:

1. Open **Links** in the Search Console menu.
2. Under **External links**, read the three tables: **Top linked pages** (your pages with the most backlinks), **Top linking sites** (the root domains that link to you most) and **Top linking text** (the anchor text other sites use).
3. Select **More** under a table for the full list, then select a page or a site to drill down to the individual linking pages.
4. Use the **Export** button on the report's main page to download **Latest links**, the most recently discovered links sorted by date, or **More sample links**, a sample drawn from all the links Google knows. Each export holds up to 100,000 rows.
5. Check the internal links table as well: it shows which of your pages your own site links to most.

Google's suggested uses are practical: confirm that your most linked pages are the ones you expect, that you recognize the sites linking to you, and that the link text describes your site accurately.

Know what the report is not:

- **It is a sample.** Google says it is not a comprehensive list of every link, and some URLs are left out, for example non-indexed pages.
- **Tables stop at 1,000 rows**, so large or heavily linked sites see truncated tables.
- **Sites are grouped by root domain**, with protocol, subdomains and subfolders folded together.
- **Your pages are grouped by canonical URL.** A link to an old address that redirects, or to a duplicate Google has canonicalized, is shown against the target page.
- **It includes links found over time**, some of which may since have been removed.
- **It does not say whether a link is nofollow**, and it shows no score of any kind.

Third-party tools see a different sample. Moz's Link Explorer and Ahrefs, for example, report backlinks from their own indexes: [Moz notes](https://moz.com/learn/seo/domain-authority) that updates to its web index can include more or fewer linking domains than earlier crawls, and [Ahrefs scores](https://help.ahrefs.com/en/articles/1409408-what-is-domain-rating-dr) a site against the others in its own database. Expect their counts to differ from Search Console's and from each other's; their authority scores are explained in [how Google determines a website's authority](https://computese.com/how-google-determines-a-website-authority/). For links from sites that look like spam, the Links report help says Google typically ignores links from known spam sites; when to act on them, and when the disavow tool is appropriate, is covered in [quality backlinks in SEO](https://computese.com/the-power-of-quality-backlinks-in-seo/).

## Backlink myths, checked against Google's documentation

| Myth                                                    | What the documentation says                                                                                                    |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| "You need dofollow backlinks."                          | There is no dofollow attribute. A link without `nofollow`, `sponsored` or `ugc` is already a normal link.                      |
| "Every backlink counts the same."                       | PageRank weights a link by the rank of the page it comes from, and Google names links from prominent sites as a sign of trust. |
| "Nofollow links are worthless."                         | They are hints Google can still learn from, and they send the same visitors as any other link.                                 |
| "A nofollow link keeps a page out of Google."           | Since March 1, 2020 nofollow is only a hint for crawling. Use `noindex` to keep a page out of results.                         |
| "Linking out leaks ranking, so nofollow every link."    | Google encourages citing sources and reserves `nofollow` for sources you do not trust.                                         |
| "Links are all that matters."                           | PageRank is one signal among many, and Google says there is much more to Search than links.                                    |
| "Power backlinks and a high Domain Authority rank you." | Neither is a Google term or measure. Moz says Domain Authority is not a Google ranking factor.                                 |

"Power backlinks" and the other labels for strong links are discussed in [quality backlinks in SEO](https://computese.com/the-power-of-quality-backlinks-in-seo/). If you would rather have someone check how your site's links are crawled and reported, our [SEO service](https://computese.com/services/seo/) starts with a technical audit of crawling, rendering and indexing, fixes internal links as part of on-page work and reports from Search Console. It earns links with content worth citing and digital PR where it fits, and does not buy links or use networks that break search engine guidelines.

## Key terms
- **Backlink**: A link on a page of another website that points to a page on your site, also called an inbound or incoming link. The PageRank patent already used the word for the pages that link to a document.
- **Internal link**: A link from one page of your site to another page of the same site. It helps people and Google find and understand your pages, but it is not a backlink.
- **Outbound link**: A link from your site to a page on another site. Your outbound link is the other site's backlink.
- **Referring domain**: A distinct site that links to yours, however many links it holds. Search Console's Links report groups linking sites by root domain.
- **Anchor text**: The visible, clickable words of a link, also called link text. For an image link, Google uses the image's alt text as the anchor text.
- **rel attribute**: An HTML attribute on a link that describes the relationship between the linking page and the linked page. For search, the values that matter are sponsored, ugc and nofollow.
- **Nofollow**: A rel value, defined in the HTML standard, for a link the page's author does not endorse. Google introduced it in 2005 against comment spam and has treated it as a hint since 2019.
- **Sponsored and ugc**: rel values Google added on September 10, 2019: sponsored for advertisements, affiliate links and other paid links, ugc for links in user-generated content such as comments and forum posts.
- **Dofollow link**: SEO slang for a normal link, one with no nofollow, sponsored or ugc value. There is no dofollow attribute in HTML or in Google's documentation.
- **PageRank**: Google's original link analysis algorithm, which ranks a page from the ranks of the pages linking to it. It has evolved a lot and is still one of Google's core ranking systems.

## Common questions

### What is a backlink in SEO?

A backlink is a link on another website's page that points to a page on your site. Google uses such links to find pages and as one of many ranking signals, reading the link's anchor text and any rel value on it along the way.

### Do nofollow links help SEO?

Rarely for ranking: Google treats nofollow as a hint and has said that in most cases it does not consider nofollow and ugc links for ranking. They still bring the same visitors as any other link, and because a hint is not a block, Google can still learn from the words in them.

### What is the difference between dofollow and nofollow links?

A "dofollow" link is simply a link with no nofollow, sponsored or ugc value; there is no dofollow attribute. Google may follow it and weigh it as a signal. A link with rel="nofollow" says the site does not vouch for the target, and Google generally neither follows it nor counts it for ranking.

### Are internal links backlinks?

No. Google defines a backlink as a link from a page on another site. Links between your own pages are internal links: Search Console reports them separately, and because you control them completely, they are the first links to get right.

### How can I check my backlinks for free?

Use the Links report in Google Search Console. It lists your most linked pages, the sites that link to you most and the most common link text, and exports up to 100,000 of the latest or sample links. It is a sample, so it does not list every link, and it does not show which links are nofollow.

### Are backlinks still a ranking factor in 2026?

Yes, as one signal among many. As of September 2026, Google's guide to its ranking systems still lists link analysis systems, including PageRank, among its core ranking systems, and its SEO Starter Guide adds that there is much more to Search than links.

## Sources
1. [Links report](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/9049606), Search Console Help
2. [US6285999B1: Method for node ranking in a linked database](https://patents.google.com/patent/US6285999), Google Patents
3. [Link best practices for Google](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/links-crawlable), Google Search Central
4. [Robots meta tag, data-nosnippet, and X-Robots-Tag specifications](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots-meta-tag), Google Search Central
5. [In-depth guide to how Google Search works](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/how-search-works), Google Search Central
6. [SEO Starter Guide](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/seo-starter-guide), Google Search Central
7. [A guide to Google Search ranking systems](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ranking-systems-guide), Google Search Central
8. [How Google Search determines ranking results](https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/how-search-works/ranking-results/), Google
9. [Spam policies for Google web search](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials/spam-policies), Google Search Central
10. [Qualify your outbound links to Google](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/qualify-outbound-links), Google Search Central
11. [A reminder on qualifying links and our link spam update](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2021/07/link-tagging-and-link-spam-update), Google Search Central Blog
12. [wp_rel_ugc()](https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/wp_rel_ugc/), WordPress Developer Resources
13. [wp-includes/default-filters.php](https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/blob/trunk/src/wp-includes/default-filters.php), WordPress (GitHub)
14. [HTML Living Standard: Links](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html), WHATWG
15. [Preventing comment spam](https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/01/preventing-comment-spam.html), Official Google Blog
16. [Evolving nofollow: new ways to identify the nature of links](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2019/09/evolving-nofollow-new-ways-to-identify), Google Search Central Blog
17. [Domain Authority: What is it and how is it calculated](https://moz.com/learn/seo/domain-authority), Moz
18. [What is Domain Rating (DR)?](https://help.ahrefs.com/en/articles/1409408-what-is-domain-rating-dr), Ahrefs Help Center
