Duong Quan Nguyen

XR runs from the real world to a fully virtual one: where AR, MR and VR sit

1. Real environment
2. Augmented reality
3. Mixed reality
4. Virtual reality

Where an engineer's work moves when AI drafts the code

1. Understand the problem
2. Specify
3. Generate
4. Review
5. Verify
6. Ship and measure

Where AI is changing society, and what is answering it

1. Work
2. Information
3. Decisions about people
4. Privacy
5. Energy

Five layers of an AI health feature, and what checks each one

1. Sensor on your wrist
2. Model
3. Claim
4. Data
5. Your next step

Passive eavesdropping: your traffic arrives as normal, and a copy leaves

1. Your device↘ Eavesdropper
2. Wi-Fi access point
3. Router
4. Internet
5. Server

Where snooping happens, and what stops it

1. Screen
2. Device
3. Network
4. Accounts and records

Where a DDoS attack hits, and what absorbs it

1. Internet link
2. Connection state
3. Web application
4. Origin server

Where an attacker gets into the middle, and what stops them

1. Local network
2. Wi-Fi
3. DNS
4. Internet routing
5. HTTPS connection
6. Sign-in page

How quantum-chemistry accuracy reaches a drug simulation, and what checks it

1. Quantum reference data
2. Train the potential
3. Structure and pose
4. Binding simulation
5. Lab test

How an AI-powered robot turns what it sees into motion

1. Sense
2. Perceive
3. Understand
4. Predict
5. Act

What an AI system must get right to solve a visual puzzle, step by step

1. See the panels
2. Find the objects
3. Infer the rule
4. Apply it
5. Check the answer

Updating a phone from a computer, from backup to the new version

1. Back up
2. Prepare
3. Connect
4. Check
5. Install
6. Confirm

Industrial robots installed worldwide each year, with the IFR forecast

• 254 thousand robots
• 390 thousand robots
• 603 thousand robots
• 655 thousand robots
• 806 thousand robots

Where cyber defence is shifting, layer by layer, on the way to 2030

1. Sign-in
2. Network access
3. Code
4. Dependencies and builds
5. Cryptography
6. Incident disclosure

How a serverless platform runs your code, from event to scale to zero

1. Event
2. Warm instance?
3. Run
4. Scale out
5. Scale to zero

From 5G to 6G: the 3GPP releases and their dates, as of September 2026

1. Release 15 (2017 to 2019)
2. Releases 16 and 17
3. Releases 18 and 19
4. Release 20
5. Release 21
6. IMT-2030 (6G)

One training step of a transformer language model, from text to new weights

1. Tokens
2. Embeddings
3. Attention layers
4. Prediction
5. Error
6. Weight update

Every tip here is one step of the same loop, repeated on small projects

1. Pick one goal
2. Learn one concept
3. Build it yourself
4. Break it, then debug
5. Commit and test
6. Get it reviewed

What a mobile-friendly page gets right, layer by layer

1. Viewport and layout
2. Text and tap targets
3. Forms
4. Images
5. Speed on a phone
6. What Google indexes

Choosing a computer science or cybersecurity program, one check at a time

1. Name the work
2. Pick the field
3. Pick the credential
4. Check the program
5. Check the practice
6. Ask admissions

Choosing antivirus for a PC: five checks, in order

1. Check what Windows runs
2. List what you need beyond it
3. Read the latest lab tests
4. Rule out the red flags
5. Businesses: manage centrally

How malware gets onto a computer, and the layer that stops each route

1. Web pages
2. Email and messages
3. Downloads
4. Software flaws
5. Your account
6. Files and passwords

Fix a slow PC in order: name the symptom, find the cause, then measure again

1. Name the symptom
2. Find the busy resource
3. See what changed
4. Fix that one cause
5. Rule out hardware and malware
6. Measure again

How a newly published CVE becomes a patch deadline

1. CVE published
2. Exploited now?
3. Likely soon?
4. How bad if it is?
5. Can it reach you?
6. Deadline

An AI weather forecast still starts from observations and physics

1. Observe
2. Assimilate
3. Learn
4. Forecast
5. Verify

What an AI assistant can reach about you, and the control for each layer

1. Chat
2. Memory
3. Connected apps
4. Agent actions

The iPhone 16 lineup, from launch day to its minimum support date

1. Sep 9, 2024: announced
2. Oct 28, 2024: iOS 18.1
3. Dec 11, 2024: iOS 18.2
4. Feb 19, 2025: iPhone 16e
5. Sep 14, 2026: iOS 27
6. Sep 20, 2029: support floor

Lock down a phone or laptop in six steps, in this order

1. Lock the screen
2. Plan for theft
3. Encrypt the storage
4. Update automatically
5. Limit apps
6. Guard accounts and number

The STaR loop: how a model learns from its own checked reasoning

1. Questions with known answers
2. Model writes its reasoning
3. Answer checked
4. Misses reasoned backwards
5. Fine-tune on what worked
6. Repeat until it plateaus

Fix weak Wi-Fi in order: measure first, then change one thing at a time

1. Measure
2. Place the router
3. Band and channel
4. Firmware and drivers
5. Add access points
6. Replace the router

Where you are tracked online, and the setting that limits each layer

1. Browser
2. Email
3. Network
4. Phone apps
5. Accounts
6. Data brokers

A backup strategy in six decisions, from inventory to a tested restore

1. Inventory
2. Objectives
3. Method
4. Placement
5. Retention
6. Proof

What an AR app does on every frame, 60 times a second on a phone

1. Sense
2. Track
3. Understand
4. Anchor
5. Render

How a lossless compressor shrinks data and gets every byte back

1. Transform
2. Match repeats
3. Entropy code
4. Frame
5. Decode

How synthetic data reaches a real robot, and what checks each step

1. Collect real seed data
2. Simulate
3. Generate
4. Train
5. Evaluate in simulation
6. Deploy on hardware

Where machine learning works in drug discovery, and what still checks it

1. Target identification
2. Protein structure
3. Hits and leads
4. ADMET and toxicity
5. Clinical trials
6. Approval

One order, entered once: how a sale moves through a new business's tools

1. Store or website
2. Payment provider
3. Accounting
4. CRM
5. Email and support
6. Analytics

Optimize Windows 11 in order: measure, then change one layer at a time

1. Measure
2. Power
3. Startup and background apps
4. Storage
5. Display and games
6. Updates and defaults

A VPN encrypts one stretch of the path: from your device to the VPN server

1. Your device↘ Someone on the same Wi-Fi
2. Wi-Fi and your ISP
3. VPN server
4. Website or app

Where a slow computer loses its speed, and what stops it

1. Browser and startup apps
2. Background work
3. Memory (RAM)
4. Storage
5. Cooling
6. Hardware age

What a model must keep to learn continually, what breaks it, what helps

1. What it already knows
2. Its ability to learn
3. Facts after its cutoff
4. Fit to live data

Where AI already runs in computing, from the screen down to the compiler

1. Interface
2. Security
3. Networks
4. Databases
5. Cluster scheduling
6. Compilers

Home Wi-Fi in layers: what each one faces, and the setting that stops it

1. Radio link
2. Passphrase
3. Setup shortcut
4. Who shares the network
5. Router firmware

How AI narrows the search for a new material, and where the lab takes over

1. Propose candidates
2. Predict with a GNN
3. Relax with an MLIP
4. Confirm with DFT
5. Synthesize
6. Characterize and measure

How a quantum circuit gets from an algorithm to results on a real chip

1. Design
2. Layout
3. Routing
4. Translation
5. Optimization
6. Run

Where AI sits in a screening mammogram read, and where people decide

1. Mammogram taken
2. AI scores the exam
3. Triage
4. Radiologist reads
5. Recall decision
6. Follow-up

Six steps from a bare PC to a working virtual machine

1. Turn on VT-x or AMD-V
2. Install one hypervisor
3. Create and size the VM
4. Install from the ISO
5. Add the guest tools
6. Take a snapshot

The remote IT support stack by job, and the control each layer needs

1. Tickets and documentation
2. Remote access and RMM
3. Devices: MDM and EDR
4. Identity and passwords
5. Backup and monitoring

What a quantum computer breaks, and what replaces it

1. Key exchange: RSA, ECDH
2. Signatures: RSA, ECDSA, EdDSA
3. Symmetric ciphers: AES
4. Hashes: SHA-2, SHA-3

From training data to a reviewed answer: how an LLM is made and used

1. Pretraining
2. Instruction tuning
3. Preference tuning
4. Evaluation
5. Answer with retrieval
6. Human review

From data to a discovery that holds up: where AI helps and what checks it

1. Data
2. Model
3. Search
4. Filter
5. Lab
6. Review

What drains a laptop battery, what ages it, and the setting that helps

1. Screen
2. Power mode
3. Background apps
4. Radios and accessories
5. Charging
6. Heat

Six places a home network is attacked, and what closes each one

1. Router firmware
2. Router admin and features
3. DNS settings
4. Connected devices
5. One shared network
6. Work devices at home

Installing Linux, from choosing a distribution to the first boot

1. Choose a distribution
2. Back up and prepare
3. Write the USB stick
4. Boot and try it live
5. Install
6. First boot

Setting up two monitors on a Windows PC, from the ports to the settings

1. Check the outputs
2. Match the cables
3. Connect
4. Extend
5. Arrange
6. Tune each screen

Where fairness is decided, from framing the problem to monitoring

1. Frame
2. Data
3. Train
4. Evaluate
5. Decide
6. Monitor

Where to look for a deleted file in Windows, in the order to try

1. Recycle Bin
2. OneDrive recycle bin
3. File History
4. Other backups
5. Windows File Recovery
6. Data recovery lab

Upgrade the part the measurement points at; replace when support ends

1. Measure
2. Storage
3. Memory
4. Cooling and firmware
5. Upgrade or replace
6. Retire

CompTIA's six-step troubleshooting method, applied to a Windows PC

1. Identify the problem
2. Establish a theory
3. Test the theory
4. Plan and fix
5. Verify it works
6. Document it

Where attackers break a backup system, and the control that holds each layer

1. Backup console and accounts
2. Backup server and software
3. Retention and policies
4. Stored backup copies
5. Encryption keys
6. Restore

Designing a web page from content to launch, and the check at each step

1. Content and hierarchy
2. Mobile-first layout
3. Type and colour
4. Components
5. Images and speed
6. Test with users

Where an AI request runs, and what protects your data at each layer

1. On the device
2. The vendor's private cloud
3. A third-party model

Where a website is attacked, and the control that stops each attack

1. Domain and email
2. Browser connection
3. Edge
4. Software
5. Admin accounts
6. Data

Where human-like AI goes wrong, and what guards each layer

1. Evidence
2. Confidence score
3. Answer or abstain
4. Tone and persona
5. Young users

How a plain-language question becomes a checked answer from your data

1. Question
2. Context
3. SQL
4. Run
5. Answer
6. Decision

Where AI works in a security operation, and where a person decides

1. Detect
2. Baseline
3. Triage
4. Contain
5. Decide

What quantum computing asks of IT teams, and by when

1. 2024: PQC standards
2. 2026: noisy processors
3. 2028: discovery complete
4. 2029 to 2030: fault tolerance
5. 2030 to 2031: priority systems
6. 2035: RSA and ECC disallowed

Three kinds of evidence on AI and office jobs, and what to do with them

1. Exposure studies
2. Controlled experiments
3. Labour market data
4. Your next step

How a reasoning system reaches an answer you can check

1. Question
2. Think
3. Use tools
4. Verify
5. Answer
6. Approve

Moving data costs more than the math: energy to feed one multiply-accumulate

• 1 × the MAC
• 1 × the MAC
• 2 × the MAC
• 6 × the MAC
• 200 × the MAC

Drafting with AI: the model writes one step, a person owns the rest

1. Brief
2. Ground
3. Generate
4. Verify
5. Edit
6. Send

Where AI sits in a lung cancer screening read, and who makes the call

1. Low-dose CT scan
2. Nodule detection
3. Measurement and growth
4. Risk scoring
5. Radiologist's report
6. Follow-up

Where AI inference can run on a 5G path, and where the edge server sits

1. Device
2. 5G radio (gNB)
3. 5G Core (UPF)↘ Edge AI server (MEC)
4. Cloud region

Maximum lifetime of a public TLS certificate, by the date it is issued

• 398 days
• 200 days
• 100 days
• 47 days

How a website is built: six stages, each with the checks it must pass

1. Discovery
2. Design
3. Build
4. Test
5. Launch
6. Maintain

A small business security baseline, in the order to build it

1. Know what you have
2. Lock down access
3. Keep devices current
4. Make data recoverable
5. Guard email and people
6. Prepare for the bad day

How big data analytics works, from source systems to decisions

1. Sources
2. Ingest
3. Store
4. Process
5. Serve

Adopting AI for learning: the check that belongs at each step

1. Goal
2. Vet the tool
3. Configure
4. Pilot
5. Assess
6. Review

Healthcare IT in five layers, and the control that protects each one

1. Devices and imaging
2. Clinical and business systems
3. Interfaces and networks
4. Patient and partner apps
5. Analytics and AI

The software development life cycle, and what each phase must produce

1. Discovery
2. Requirements
3. Design
4. Build and test
5. Release
6. Operate and maintain

Where everyday attacks land, and the habit that stops each one

1. Messages and calls
2. Accounts
3. Software
4. Devices
5. Networks
6. Files

How far standard vision models overshoot a microcontroller's memory

• 100 × over budget
• 20 × over budget
• 5.3 × over budget

Spec-sheet peak rate of two-stream devices, by Wi-Fi generation and width

• 1.73 Gbps
• 2.4 Gbps
• 2.4 Gbps
• 5.8 Gbps

How NotebookLM answers from your sources, and where you check it

1. Add sources
2. Choose the sources
3. Retrieve passages
4. Answer from them
5. Cite each point
6. You verify

MMMU validation accuracy, December 2023: where Gemini Ultra's 59.4% sits

• 22.1 % correct
• 56.8 % correct
• 59.4 % correct
• 62.4 % correct
• 76.2 % correct
• 88.6 % correct

Where each AI framework sits, from raw data to a working AI feature

1. Classic ML on tables
2. Train or fine-tune
3. Start from a pretrained model
4. Export
5. Run the model
6. Build the application

Input price per million tokens, GPT-4 to GPT-6 Sol (OpenAI list prices)

• 30 USD per 1M input
• 10 USD per 1M input
• 5 USD per 1M input
• 2 USD per 1M input
• 1.25 USD per 1M input
• 2 USD per 1M input

How a ticket moves through an IT help desk, from first contact to closure

1. Log
2. Categorize
3. Prioritize
4. Assign and escalate
5. Resolve
6. Close and review

What IT support looks after, what goes wrong at each layer, and what stops it

1. Accounts and identity
2. Devices
3. Email and files
4. Network and Wi-Fi
5. Data and backups
6. Vendors and records

What outsourcing the help desk gives you, the catch in each, and the fix

1. Longer coverage hours
2. Broader skills
3. Predictable cost
4. Capacity that scales
5. A measured service
6. The access it needs

How an IT support career moves, from first line to a specialism

1. First line: help desk
2. Second line: desktop support
3. Third line: specialists
4. Next: a specialism

Six steps to WCAG 2.2 AA conformance, and the checks in each

1. Scope
2. Audit
3. Fix
4. Retest
5. Publish
6. Maintain

An API-first lifecycle: the contract drives every stage, design to sunset

1. Design
2. Lint
3. Build
4. Publish
5. Operate
6. Retire

US e-commerce as a share of all retail sales, second quarter of each year

• 8.7 % of retail
• 10.3 % of retail
• 16.3 % of retail
• 14.2 % of retail
• 16.1 % of retail
• 17.1 % of retail

How a video gets found on YouTube and in Google, and what each step checks

1. Upload details
2. YouTube search
3. Recommendations
4. Google Search
5. Measure

Where AI fits in a publishing workflow that stays inside Google's rules

1. Start from a reader's question
2. Research with AI as a lead
3. Draft, then add what you know
4. Check every claim
5. Sign and disclose
6. Publish at review pace

How AI Overviews and AI Mode choose the pages they link to

1. A question
2. Query fan-out
3. Retrieval from the index
4. A grounded answer
5. Supporting links

The SEO improvement loop, from baseline to measurement and back again

1. Set goals and a baseline
2. Audit the site
3. Prioritize
4. Fix the cause
5. Measure against baseline
6. Repeat on a cadence

How a link is earned: from a page worth citing to a live, qualified link

1. Asset
2. Prospects
3. Qualify
4. Pitch
5. Follow up
6. Track

How often a Google search led to a click, with and without an AI summary

• 15 % of visits
• 8 % of visits
• 1 % of visits

Five questions that separate a quality backlink from link spam

1. Why does the link exist?
2. Who is linking?
3. Is it on topic?
4. Where does it sit?
5. How is it written and tagged?

What Google reads in a backlink, from the linking page to yours

1. Linking page
2. Link element
3. rel value
4. Anchor text
5. Your page

Links are one input to Google's ranking; vendor scores are built mostly on them

1. Pages that link to you↘ Moz, Ahrefs and Semrush
2. Your page
3. Google's ranking systems
4. Search results

Where untapped SEO opportunities hide, in the order to work through them

1. Export the data
2. Many impressions, low CTR
3. Striking distance
4. Unanswered queries
5. Formats others skip
6. Measure one change

How a web crawler turns links into a searchable index

1. Seed URLs
2. URL frontier
3. Fetch
4. Parse and deduplicate
5. Index
6. Recrawl

One on-page pass, from choosing the page to deciding what comes next

1. Choose the page
2. Read the results page
3. Decide the changes
4. Ship one batch
5. Compare like with like
6. Keep, iterate or merge

Six SEO jobs for a small business, in the order they pay off

1. Business Profile
2. Basics that stop Google
3. Service and location pages
4. Reviews
5. Answers
6. Local links

One common path from an IT buyer's search to a qualified lead

1. Search
2. Technical article
3. Service page
4. Case study
5. Contact
6. Qualified lead

Where each on-page element goes wrong, and the fix

1. Main content
2. Title and description
3. Headings and URL
4. Links and images
5. Structured data and canonical
6. Author and dates

How a spoken question becomes one answer, and where your page fits

1. A spoken question
2. Speech becomes a query
3. Same index, same ranking
4. One answer chosen
5. Read aloud, links on screen

Where a Business Profile loses visibility or gets suspended, and each fix

1. Verification
2. Business name
3. Address or service area
4. Categories
5. Hours
6. Reviews

One Google results page, top to bottom: which parts are paid, which earned

1. Sponsored results
2. AI Overview
3. Organic results
4. Sponsored results, lower

Where WordPress SEO goes wrong, layer by layer, and what fixes it

1. Settings
2. Permalinks
3. SEO plugin and archives
4. Theme and images
5. Hosting
6. Plugins and updates

Shopify automates the SEO basics; these six layers are still yours

1. Handles and redirects
2. Collection paths
3. robots.txt.liquid
4. Page metadata
5. Theme, apps and tags
6. Markets, feeds and AI channels

Where technical SEO breaks, layer by layer, and the check that catches it

1. Discovery
2. Crawling
3. Rendering
4. Indexing
5. Serving

The six parts of a local SEO strategy, and what to check in each

1. Business Profile
2. Listings
3. Location pages
4. Reviews
5. Links and mentions
6. Measurement

From a search to revenue: where SEO marketing is measured at each step

1. Demand
2. Impression
3. Click
4. Landing page
5. Key event
6. Revenue

Where each part of SEO acts, from discovery to the click

1. Discover
2. Crawl
3. Index
4. Rank
5. Click

A content plan for answer engines: original work, owned reach, honest measures

1. Start from what only you know
2. Publish one page per question
3. Take it to your audience
4. Earn citations, not only rank
5. Measure what clicks miss